Phil Hirschkorn, in his two 2004 CNN.com articles, propagates an incorrect count of victims onboard the four planes hijacked on 9/11. Hirschkorn’s first article, “9/11 families to hear more calls from flights,” published May 28th 2004, states that there were “256 victims onboard the four planes.” (See original CNN article)
However, according to the figures given on pages 4-10 of The 9/11 Commission Report, there were only 246 victims (213 non-hijacker passengers and 33 crew members) and 19 hijackers onboard the four planes. (Close assessment of the article reveals that Hirschkorn apparently incorrectly included 10 of the hijackers in his victim count. This absence of basic verification by Hirschkorn and his CNN editors is especially egregious due to the need for sensitivity for 9/11 victims.
CNN.com has a reputation as a reliable news source, thus people freely cite CNN’s facts without testing its claims. CNN.com owes its readers and viewers accuracy. Harm can be caused by careless reporting. Since Hirschkorn classifies some of the terrorists as victims, anyone who reads his articles is provided with incorrect information. Moreover, Hirschkorn’s mistake insults the memory of the actual victims of the tragedy by counting terrorists among them.
Marian Fontana, widowed after the loss of her firefighter husband on 9-11 and founder of the 9-11 Widows’ and Victims’ Families Association, stated that the media has a responsibility to avoid mistakes like Hirschkorn’s. “The media is such a powerful voice, sometimes more powerful than the government,” she said. Furthermore, she explained that though there was confusion regarding the number of victims in 9/11’s immediate aftermath, enough time has passed that such mistakes should not be made. “Years later, there’s no excuse, especially for things like the number of victims.”
Hirschkorn used the same incorrect numbers in a June 4th follow-up article, “Families hear heroism on 9/11 calls from planes” (See original article), and a third CNN.com article with no byline was published a month later containing the same errors: “Video shows 9/11 hijackers at airport.
Due to the nature of the Internet, anyone with a computer and a modem could easily stumble upon these articles in a common Internet search. School children doing reports on 9/11 who have come across CNN’s incorrect data are likely presenting the incorrect numbers as fact. Worse yet, the incorrect data spreads like a virus. Hirschkorn’s articles are linked to and quoted in their entirety on various news websites and forums, thereby misleading an even larger audience than CNN.com’s substantial reader base. (See sample of numerous sites containing Hirschkorn’s incorrect data at the end of the document.)
Hirschkorn’s oversight was apparently caused by applying an inconsistent method to determine the amount of victims and passengers onboard the individual planes. He lists the correct number of passengers onboard American Airlines Flight 11: 81(76 of whom were victims, 5 were terrorists) and United Airlines Flight 175: 56 (51 were victims, 5 were terrorists). However, the passenger numbers he lists for American Airlines Flight 77 (53) and United Airlines Flight 93 (33) are wrong, because they do not include the hijackers. The correct numbers (including the hijackers) are 58 passengers on American Airlines Flight 77 and 37 passengers on United Airlines Flight 93, according to The 9/11 Commission Report.
To properly determine the number of overall victims using Hirschkorn’s method, the hijackers would have to be subtracted from all of the passenger numbers. Hirschkorn failed to adhere to one standard when determining his victim count, and consequently inadvertently referred to 10 of the men behind one of the greatest tragedies in recent memory as victims of their own hijacking.
The following graphs clarify the data described above.
Though all of the victims were passengers/crew-members, not all the passengers/crew-members were victims:
| The 9/11 Commission Report’s Total Count of Passengers per Plane: | Phil Hirschkorn’s Total Count of Passengers per Plane: | Number of Terrorists Included in The 9/11 Commission Report’s Passenger Figures: | Number of Terrorists Included in Phil Hirschkorn’s Passenger Figures: | |
| American Airlines Flight 11: | 81 | 81 | 5 | 5 (All) |
| United Airlines Flight 175: | 56 | 56 | 5 | 5 (All) |
| American Airlines Flight 77: | 58 | 53 | 5 | 0 (None, 5 Missing) |
| United Airlines Flight 93: | 37 | 33 | 4 | 0 (None, 4 Missing) |
| Total: | 232 | 223 | 19 | 10 |
| 9/11 Commission Report: | Phil Hirschkorn: | |
| Total Number of Passengers that Boarded the 4 Planes (Sum of Numbers Given for Each Plane): | 232 | 223 |
| Total Number of Flight Crew Members (Pilots and Flight Attendants) on the 4 Planes: | 33 | 33 |
| Total Number of People onboard the 4 Planes (Number of Passengers and Number of Flight Crew Members): | 265 | 256 |
| Total Number of Hijackers: | 19 | 19 |
| Stated Number of Victims on Planes in the Report: | N/A | 256 |
| Actual Number of Victims Onboard the 4 Planes (Number of People minus 19 Hijackers): | 246 | N/A |
By thoughtlessly publishing these unverified facts, CNN.com unwittingly continues to propagate misinformation years after the event. (Note Hirshkorn’s publication dates: May 28, 2004 and June 6, 2004. He obviously had plenty of time after September 11, 2001 to check the victim numbers.)
According to the Society of Professional Journalist’s Code of Ethics, journalists should always, “Test the accuracy of information from all sources and exercise care to avoid inadvertent error.” CNN.com’s editors and Phil Hirschkorn failed to do proper verification. They should revise these articles before any further damage is done.
Furthermore, CNN should also notify sites that quote from and link to these articles, so the other sites can make corrections as well. By taking these steps, CNN.com can attempt to undo some of the damage they’ve caused. CNN editors and Hirschkorn need better fact checking to prevent similar incidences of error from occurring in the future.
Sample of Sites Containing Hirschkorn’s Errors:
balkansecurity.com
theworldofpolitics.com
deephousepage.com